Eleven years old SC regularly encounter pornography on the Internet :Research

Online pornography had roots are embedded in our society that something like this, the new generation has to say that, during online activities at random each day they face because of pornography and pornography Internet old unwillingly to access pornographic material is very easy.

A recent UK survey of young people in hobbies and activities online information has been received and reviewed the negative effects of pornography online.

Most of those polled said the youth these days and immoral or offensive to exchange photos and videos has become a routine matter and consider it part of their daily routines.

Institute of Public Policy Research, "reviewed the report, United Kingdom 11 years old child regularly online pornographic material or not an individual face and 14 years of age, 54% of the web porn and nude videos began to see turn.

The youths 68 percent twenty first century in schools to meet the needs of the sexual education of support and a young man from every three says that primary school children to negative pornography must be informed and it is much better for them if they sexual education in primary parties knowledgeable about it.

Institute of international Dania glem head which was under the leadership of this survey said that youth in the life of online pornography poison has been full online pornography of young people like the formation of behavior is a very disturbing situation toward the.

Online safety N.S.P.C.C. head of suspects lily has warned that online pornography children on this point of view may be a common and sexual behavior is considered acceptable because of this trend young boys to girls understand anything of a show and On the other hand girls are themselves in the shape of the film and actresses on more line seems to be.

Health Problems Related to Nureition

HEALTH PROBLEMS RELATED TO NUTRITION:

1. Under Nutrition: This is the problem of the poor countries of the world. There is insufficient food for the people there. During under nutrition, a person's diet is deficient in the required calories. Children having under nutrition suffer from a disease called marasmus. In this disease, children especially and people generally are reduced to a skeleton, there is almost on flesh on the body . Under nutrition especially effects the children not only physically but also mentally.

2. Malnutrition:  It is a condition in which a diet is missing in one or more essential nutrients . It has very bad effects on health. If it is continues for long periods especially under special circumstances such as during pregnancy or immediately after child birth.

If malnutrition happens during the period of location, it may cause irreparable damage to the infant leading to a number of abnormalities including mental abnormalities.

If a human diet lacks essential elements or nutrients, the body will fail to synthesize vital compounds and the person might suffer from various diseases. 

It has been noticed that malnutrition is the major cause of death among the children up to the age of five in the developing countries . Deficiency of protein in the diet increases susceptibility to disease besides retardation in growth.

3. Over nutrition:  It is the Problem of the developed countries where people eat too much. Obesity is the most common disorder due to over nutrition Obesity is the cause of a large number diseases too.

Diabetes in Children

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and results from either defects in insulin secretion/ insulin action or both. The incidence of type 1 diabetes varies between different countries and ranges from as low as 0.1 to 57.6/100,000. The Highest incidence has been documented in Finland and the lowest in China and is mostly in children 0-4 years of age.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreatic islets, leading to abnormal glucose tolerance and eventually ketoacidosis.

Currently the diagnosis of T1D leads to lifetime dependence on injections of exogenous insulin to control blood glucose levels . Unfortunately, control is difficult to achieve but is needed to avoid fluctuations in glucose concentration and prevent micro vascular damage and long-term complications.

The choice of insulin regimen will depend on many factors including age, duration  of diabetes, Lifestyle (dietary patterns , exercise schedules, school) targets of metabolic control and particularly individual patient / Family preferences. The treatment of diabetes in many parts is still regular insulin mixed with intermediate acting insulin in twice daily doses.

Now, insulin analogues have been developed and are in use all over the world, of which three rapid acting types are currently available for children (aspart, glulisine, and lispro) and the basal insulin analogues are glargine and detemir. Bolus/basal therapy that combine premeal aspart of lispro with glargine or detemir insulin has emerged as the 'Gold Standard' for intensive injection therapy provided through multiple daily injections (MDI) for adolescent and adults. An insulin pump (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion) is currently the best way to imitate the physiological insulin profile and is an alternative to treatment with MDI. Its use has been increasing and proving to be successful in most of the western countries.

Glycaemic control is assessed by regular monitoring of blood glucose at home and 3 monthly HbA1c measurements. Insulin adjustments should be made until target blood glucose levels and target HbA1c are achieved. Recently much emphasis is being given on managing diabetes with consistent massages and specific target set for young people by the pediatric team. Studies have shown a strong association between the target glycaemic control set by pediatric doctor's team and that perceived by adolescents and their parents. It has also been shown that it is the centers effectiveness in implementing the treatment regimen that affects metabolic control and not the insulin regimens.

Currently large number of are being conducted which include role of vitamin D3, oral insulin, nutritional intervention (docoshaexaenoic acid) etc for prevention of type 1 diabetes . Long - term studies of the safety and efficacy of insulin analogues in children and development of islet cell transplantation as a therapy for T1DM are also being conducted.

Malaria updates in Pakistan

40% of wold population is at risk of Malaria, with nearly 500 million cases and around on million deaths / year, 70 - 80 % of which occur in children under five years old.

Malaria in children has long term effects as it causes Anemia & Malnutrition leading to poor health, poor cognitive development , missed school days, eventually leading to poor social outcome in future.

Cerebral malaria causes death & disability with permanent neurological sequele in 5 - 20% of survivors.

increasing drug resistance has increased malaria morbidity & mortality in recent years despite control measures being available for more than 50 years.

it is imperative that we manage Malaria in children according to standard guidelines recommended by WHO & National Malaria program to provide effective treatment and prevent emergence of drug resistance . As cheaper & effective treatment and prevent emergence of drug resistance . As cheaper & effective drugs like Chloroquine loose their efficacy against Falciparum, and are replaced by costly drugs like ACT , it is even more important to confirm Malaria by M.P or R.D.T before prescribing antimalarial.

However for treatment of suspected Malaria in 5 years children in High risk areas will continue to be treated according to IMNCI Strategy.

Burns in Children : ABSTRACT

Burns in Children : ABSTRACT: Burn injuries are a formidable challenge for health care professionals. Infants and toddlers are frequently the victims of the scalding burns. During the five year study period , 239 cases of burns in children were managed at the department of pediatric surgery surgery , 169 patients were male and 70 female . Age of patients ranged from 2 days to 14 years 62% cases presented with scalding burns and the major cause was immersion in hot weather and in 31% of cases the cause was fire, while 6% of cases the cause of injury was electricity. 

Nearly all of the cases were accidental except two. Majority of the cases were managed on conservative measures. The surgical procedures performed included ashcarotomy, skin grafting, release of conjectures with grafting while amputation of a limb or part of limb was needed in four patients. Hospital stay ranges from 1 day to 2 months. out of 239 patients , 208 (87%) improved and discharged 5 (2%) refereed to burn center at Karachi and 16 (7%) patients expired.

The majority of the burns are accidental in origin and can be prevented by family and community education, community based programs and legislative changes.